diff --git a/slixmpp_omemo/__init__.py b/slixmpp_omemo/__init__.py
index b31d238..7a2bc52 100644
--- a/slixmpp_omemo/__init__.py
+++ b/slixmpp_omemo/__init__.py
@@ -208,6 +208,9 @@ class XEP_0384(BasePlugin):
     # OMEMO Bundles used for encryption
     bundles = {}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[int, ExtendedPublicBundle]]
 
+    # Used at startup to prevent publishing device list and bundles multiple times
+    _initial_publish_done = False
+
     def plugin_init(self) -> None:
         if not self.backend_loaded:
             log_str = ("xep_0384 cannot be loaded as the backend omemo library "
@@ -247,6 +250,10 @@ class XEP_0384(BasePlugin):
         self.xmpp.add_event_handler('session_start', self.session_start)
         self.xmpp['xep_0060'].map_node_event(OMEMO_DEVICES_NS, 'omemo_device_list')
         self.xmpp.add_event_handler('omemo_device_list_publish', self._receive_device_list)
+
+        if self.xmpp.is_connected and not self._initial_publish_done:
+            asyncio.ensure_future(self._initial_publish())
+
         return None
 
     def plugin_end(self):
@@ -258,12 +265,16 @@ class XEP_0384(BasePlugin):
         self.xmpp['xep_0163'].remove_interest(OMEMO_DEVICES_NS)
 
     async def session_start(self, _jid):
-        if self.backend_loaded:
+        if self.backend_loaded and not self._initial_publish_done:
+            await self._initial_publish()
+
+    async def _initial_publish(self):
             self.xmpp['xep_0163'].add_interest(OMEMO_DEVICES_NS)
             await asyncio.wait([
                 self._set_device_list(),
                 self._publish_bundle(),
             ])
+            self._initial_publish_done = True
 
     def my_device_id(self) -> int:
         return self._device_id