679 lines
25 KiB
ReStructuredText
679 lines
25 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _create-plugin:
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Creating a Slixmpp Plugin
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===========================
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One of the goals of Slixmpp is to provide support for every draft or final
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XMPP extension (`XEP <http://xmpp.org/extensions/>`_). To do this, Slixmpp has a
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plugin mechanism for adding the functionalities required by each XEP. But even
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though plugins were made to quickly implement and prototype the official XMPP
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extensions, there is no reason you can't create your own plugin to implement
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your own custom XMPP-based protocol.
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This guide will help walk you through the steps to
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implement a rudimentary version of `XEP-0077 In-band
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Registration <http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0077.html>`_. In-band registration
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was implemented in example 14-6 (page 223) of `XMPP: The Definitive
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Guide <http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596521271>`_ because there was no Slixmpp
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plugin for XEP-0077 at the time of writing. We will partially fix that issue
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here by turning the example implementation from *XMPP: The Definitive Guide*
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into a plugin. Again, note that this will not a complete implementation, and a
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different, more robust, official plugin for XEP-0077 may be added to Slixmpp
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in the future.
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.. note::
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The example plugin created in this guide is for the server side of the
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registration process only. It will **NOT** be able to register new accounts
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on an XMPP server.
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First Steps
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-----------
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Every plugin inherits from the class :mod:`base_plugin <slixmpp.plugins.base.base_plugin>`,
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and must include a ``plugin_init`` method. While the
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plugins distributed with Slixmpp must be placed in the plugins directory
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``slixmpp/plugins`` to be loaded, custom plugins may be loaded from any
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module. To do so, use the following form when registering the plugin:
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.. code-block:: python
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self.register_plugin('myplugin', module=mod_containing_my_plugin)
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The plugin name must be the same as the plugin's class name.
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Now, we can open our favorite text editors and create ``xep_0077.py`` in
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``Slixmpp/slixmpp/plugins``. We want to do some basic house-keeping and
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declare the name and description of the XEP we are implementing. If you
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are creating your own custom plugin, you don't need to include the ``xep``
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attribute.
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.. code-block:: python
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"""
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Creating a Slixmpp Plugin
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This is a minimal implementation of XEP-0077 to serve
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as a tutorial for creating Slixmpp plugins.
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"""
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from slixmpp.plugins.base import base_plugin
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class xep_0077(base_plugin):
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"""
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XEP-0077 In-Band Registration
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"""
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def plugin_init(self):
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self.description = "In-Band Registration"
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self.xep = "0077"
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Now that we have a basic plugin, we need to edit
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``slixmpp/plugins/__init__.py`` to include our new plugin by adding
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``'xep_0077'`` to the ``__all__`` declaration.
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Interacting with Other Plugins
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------------------------------
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In-band registration is a feature that should be advertised through `Service
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Discovery <http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0030.html>`_. To do that, we tell the
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``xep_0030`` plugin to add the ``"jabber:iq:register"`` feature. We put this
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call in a method named ``post_init`` which will be called once the plugin has
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been loaded; by doing so we advertise that we can do registrations only after we
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finish activating the plugin.
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The ``post_init`` method needs to call ``base_plugin.post_init(self)``
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which will mark that ``post_init`` has been called for the plugin. Once the
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Slixmpp object begins processing, ``post_init`` will be called on any plugins
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that have not already run ``post_init``. This allows you to register plugins and
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their dependencies without needing to worry about the order in which you do so.
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**Note:** by adding this call we have introduced a dependency on the XEP-0030
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plugin. Be sure to register ``'xep_0030'`` as well as ``'xep_0077'``. Slixmpp
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does not automatically load plugin dependencies for you.
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.. code-block:: python
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def post_init(self):
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base_plugin.post_init(self)
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self.xmpp['xep_0030'].add_feature("jabber:iq:register")
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Creating Custom Stanza Objects
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------------------------------
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Now, the IQ stanzas needed to implement our version of XEP-0077 are not very
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complex, and we could just interact with the XML objects directly just like
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in the *XMPP: The Definitive Guide* example. However, creating custom stanza
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objects is good practice.
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We will create a new ``Registration`` stanza. Following the *XMPP: The
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Definitive Guide* example, we will add support for a username and password
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field. We also need two flags: ``registered`` and ``remove``. The ``registered``
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flag is sent when an already registered user attempts to register, along with
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their registration data. The ``remove`` flag is a request to unregister a user's
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account.
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Adding additional `fields specified in
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XEP-0077 <http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0077.html#registrar-formtypes-register>`_
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will not be difficult and is left as an exercise for the reader.
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Our ``Registration`` class needs to start with a few descriptions of its
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behaviour:
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* ``namespace``
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The namespace our stanza object lives in. In this case,
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``"jabber:iq:register"``.
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* ``name``
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The name of the root XML element. In this case, the ``query`` element.
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* ``plugin_attrib``
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The name to access this type of stanza. In particular, given a
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registration stanza, the ``Registration`` object can be found using:
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``iq_object['register']``.
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* ``interfaces``
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A list of dictionary-like keys that can be used with the stanza object.
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When using ``"key"``, if there exists a method of the form ``getKey``,
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``setKey``, or``delKey`` (depending on context) then the result of calling
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that method will be returned. Otherwise, the value of the attribute ``key``
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of the main stanza element is returned if one exists.
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**Note:** The accessor methods currently use title case, and not camel case.
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Thus if you need to access an item named ``"methodName"`` you will need to
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use ``getMethodname``. This naming convention might change to full camel
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case in a future version of Slixmpp.
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* ``sub_interfaces``
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A subset of ``interfaces``, but these keys map to the text of any
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subelements that are direct children of the main stanza element. Thus,
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referencing ``iq_object['register']['username']`` will either execute
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``getUsername`` or return the value in the ``username`` element of the
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query.
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If you need to access an element, say ``elem``, that is not a direct child
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of the main stanza element, you will need to add ``getElem``, ``setElem``,
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and ``delElem``. See the note above about naming conventions.
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.. code-block:: python
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from slixmpp.xmlstream import ElementBase, ET, JID, register_stanza_plugin
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from slixmpp import Iq
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class Registration(ElementBase):
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namespace = 'jabber:iq:register'
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name = 'query'
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plugin_attrib = 'register'
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interfaces = set(('username', 'password', 'registered', 'remove'))
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sub_interfaces = interfaces
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def getRegistered(self):
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present = self.xml.find('{%s}registered' % self.namespace)
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return present is not None
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def getRemove(self):
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present = self.xml.find('{%s}remove' % self.namespace)
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return present is not None
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def setRegistered(self, registered):
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if registered:
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self.addField('registered')
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else:
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del self['registered']
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def setRemove(self, remove):
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if remove:
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self.addField('remove')
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else:
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del self['remove']
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def addField(self, name):
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itemXML = ET.Element('{%s}%s' % (self.namespace, name))
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self.xml.append(itemXML)
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Setting a ``sub_interface`` attribute to ``""`` will remove that subelement.
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Since we want to include empty registration fields in our form, we need the
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``addField`` method to add the empty elements.
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Since the ``registered`` and ``remove`` elements are just flags, we need to add
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custom logic to enforce the binary behavior.
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Extracting Stanzas from the XML Stream
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--------------------------------------
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Now that we have a custom stanza object, we need to be able to detect when we
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receive one. To do this, we register a stream handler that will pattern match
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stanzas off of the XML stream against our stanza object's element name and
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namespace. To do so, we need to create a ``Callback`` object which contains
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an XML fragment that can identify our stanza type. We can add this handler
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registration to our ``plugin_init`` method.
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Also, we need to associate our ``Registration`` class with IQ stanzas;
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that requires the use of the ``register_stanza_plugin`` function (in
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``slixmpp.xmlstream.stanzabase``) which takes the class of a parent stanza
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type followed by the substanza type. In our case, the parent stanza is an IQ
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stanza, and the substanza is our registration query.
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The ``__handleRegistration`` method referenced in the callback will be our
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handler function to process registration requests.
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.. code-block:: python
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def plugin_init(self):
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self.description = "In-Band Registration"
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self.xep = "0077"
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self.xmpp.register_handler(
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Callback('In-Band Registration',
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MatchXPath('{%s}iq/{jabber:iq:register}query' % self.xmpp.default_ns),
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self.__handleRegistration))
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register_stanza_plugin(Iq, Registration)
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Handling Incoming Stanzas and Triggering Events
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-----------------------------------------------
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There are six situations that we need to handle to finish our implementation of
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XEP-0077.
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**Registration Form Request from a New User:**
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.. code-block:: xml
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<iq type="result">
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<query xmlns="jabber:iq:register">
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<username />
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<password />
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</query>
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</iq>
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**Registration Form Request from an Existing User:**
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.. code-block:: xml
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<iq type="result">
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<query xmlns="jabber:iq:register">
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<registered />
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<username>Foo</username>
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<password>hunter2</password>
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</query>
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</iq>
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**Unregister Account:**
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.. code-block:: xml
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<iq type="result">
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<query xmlns="jabber:iq:register" />
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</iq>
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**Incomplete Registration:**
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.. code-block:: xml
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<iq type="error">
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<query xmlns="jabber:iq:register">
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<username>Foo</username>
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</query>
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<error code="406" type="modify">
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<not-acceptable xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-stanzas" />
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</error>
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</iq>
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**Conflicting Registrations:**
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.. code-block:: xml
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<iq type="error">
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<query xmlns="jabber:iq:register">
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<username>Foo</username>
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<password>hunter2</password>
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</query>
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<error code="409" type="cancel">
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<conflict xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-stanzas" />
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</error>
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</iq>
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**Successful Registration:**
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.. code-block:: xml
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<iq type="result">
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<query xmlns="jabber:iq:register" />
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</iq>
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Cases 1 and 2: Registration Requests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Responding to registration requests depends on if the requesting user already
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has an account. If there is an account, the response should include the
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``registered`` flag and the user's current registration information. Otherwise,
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we just send the fields for our registration form.
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We will handle both cases by creating a ``sendRegistrationForm`` method that
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will create either an empty of full form depending on if we provide it with
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user data. Since we need to know which form fields to include (especially if we
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add support for the other fields specified in XEP-0077), we will also create a
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method ``setForm`` which will take the names of the fields we wish to include.
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.. code-block:: python
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def plugin_init(self):
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self.description = "In-Band Registration"
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self.xep = "0077"
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self.form_fields = ('username', 'password')
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... remainder of plugin_init
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...
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def __handleRegistration(self, iq):
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if iq['type'] == 'get':
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# Registration form requested
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userData = self.backend[iq['from'].bare]
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self.sendRegistrationForm(iq, userData)
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def setForm(self, *fields):
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self.form_fields = fields
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def sendRegistrationForm(self, iq, userData=None):
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reg = iq['register']
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if userData is None:
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userData = {}
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else:
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reg['registered'] = True
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for field in self.form_fields:
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data = userData.get(field, '')
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if data:
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# Add field with existing data
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reg[field] = data
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else:
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# Add a blank field
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reg.addField(field)
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iq.reply().setPayload(reg.xml)
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iq.send()
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Note how we are able to access our ``Registration`` stanza object with
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``iq['register']``.
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A User Backend
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++++++++++++++
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You might have noticed the reference to ``self.backend``, which is an object
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that abstracts away storing and retrieving user information. Since it is not
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much more than a dictionary, we will leave the implementation details to the
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final, full source code example.
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Case 3: Unregister an Account
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The next simplest case to consider is responding to a request to remove
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an account. If we receive a ``remove`` flag, we instruct the backend to
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remove the user's account. Since your application may need to know about
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when users are registered or unregistered, we trigger an event using
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``self.xmpp.event('unregister_user', iq)``. See the component examples below for
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how to respond to that event.
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.. code-block:: python
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def __handleRegistration(self, iq):
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if iq['type'] == 'get':
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# Registration form requested
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userData = self.backend[iq['from'].bare]
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self.sendRegistrationForm(iq, userData)
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elif iq['type'] == 'set':
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# Remove an account
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if iq['register']['remove']:
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self.backend.unregister(iq['from'].bare)
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self.xmpp.event('unregistered_user', iq)
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iq.reply().send()
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return
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Case 4: Incomplete Registration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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For the next case we need to check the user's registration to ensure it has all
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of the fields we wanted. The simple option that we will use is to loop over the
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field names and check each one; however, this means that all fields we send to
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the user are required. Adding optional fields is left to the reader.
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Since we have received an incomplete form, we need to send an error message back
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to the user. We have to send a few different types of errors, so we will also
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create a ``_sendError`` method that will add the appropriate ``error`` element
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to the IQ reply.
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.. code-block:: python
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def __handleRegistration(self, iq):
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if iq['type'] == 'get':
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# Registration form requested
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userData = self.backend[iq['from'].bare]
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self.sendRegistrationForm(iq, userData)
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elif iq['type'] == 'set':
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if iq['register']['remove']:
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# Remove an account
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self.backend.unregister(iq['from'].bare)
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self.xmpp.event('unregistered_user', iq)
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iq.reply().send()
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return
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for field in self.form_fields:
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if not iq['register'][field]:
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# Incomplete Registration
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self._sendError(iq, '406', 'modify', 'not-acceptable'
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"Please fill in all fields.")
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return
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...
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def _sendError(self, iq, code, error_type, name, text=''):
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iq.reply().setPayload(iq['register'].xml)
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iq.error()
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iq['error']['code'] = code
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iq['error']['type'] = error_type
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iq['error']['condition'] = name
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iq['error']['text'] = text
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iq.send()
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Cases 5 and 6: Conflicting and Successful Registration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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We are down to the final decision on if we have a successful registration. We
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send the user's data to the backend with the ``self.backend.register`` method.
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If it returns ``True``, then registration has been successful. Otherwise,
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there has been a conflict with usernames and registration has failed. Like
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with unregistering an account, we trigger an event indicating that a user has
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been registered by using ``self.xmpp.event('registered_user', iq)``. See the
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component examples below for how to respond to this event.
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.. code-block:: python
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def __handleRegistration(self, iq):
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if iq['type'] == 'get':
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# Registration form requested
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userData = self.backend[iq['from'].bare]
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self.sendRegistrationForm(iq, userData)
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elif iq['type'] == 'set':
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if iq['register']['remove']:
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# Remove an account
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self.backend.unregister(iq['from'].bare)
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self.xmpp.event('unregistered_user', iq)
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iq.reply().send()
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return
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for field in self.form_fields:
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if not iq['register'][field]:
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# Incomplete Registration
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self._sendError(iq, '406', 'modify', 'not-acceptable',
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"Please fill in all fields.")
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return
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if self.backend.register(iq['from'].bare, iq['register']):
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# Successful registration
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self.xmpp.event('registered_user', iq)
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iq.reply().setPayload(iq['register'].xml)
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iq.send()
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else:
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# Conflicting registration
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self._sendError(iq, '409', 'cancel', 'conflict',
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"That username is already taken.")
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Example Component Using the XEP-0077 Plugin
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-------------------------------------------
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Alright, the moment we've been working towards - actually using our plugin to
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simplify our other applications. Here is a basic component that simply manages
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user registrations and sends the user a welcoming message when they register,
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and a farewell message when they delete their account.
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Note that we have to register the ``'xep_0030'`` plugin first,
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and that we specified the form fields we wish to use with
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``self.xmpp.plugin['xep_0077'].setForm('username', 'password')``.
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.. code-block:: python
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import slixmpp.componentxmpp
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class Example(slixmpp.componentxmpp.ComponentXMPP):
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def __init__(self, jid, password):
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slixmpp.componentxmpp.ComponentXMPP.__init__(self, jid, password, 'localhost', 8888)
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self.registerPlugin('xep_0030')
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self.registerPlugin('xep_0077')
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self.plugin['xep_0077'].setForm('username', 'password')
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self.add_event_handler("registered_user", self.reg)
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self.add_event_handler("unregistered_user", self.unreg)
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def reg(self, iq):
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msg = "Welcome! %s" % iq['register']['username']
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self.sendMessage(iq['from'], msg, mfrom=self.fulljid)
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def unreg(self, iq):
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msg = "Bye! %s" % iq['register']['username']
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self.sendMessage(iq['from'], msg, mfrom=self.fulljid)
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**Congratulations!** We now have a basic, functioning implementation of
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XEP-0077.
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Complete Source Code for XEP-0077 Plugin
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----------------------------------------
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Here is a copy of a more complete implementation of the plugin we created, but
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with some additional registration fields implemented.
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.. code-block:: python
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|
"""
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Creating a Slixmpp Plugin
|
|
|
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This is a minimal implementation of XEP-0077 to serve
|
|
as a tutorial for creating Slixmpp plugins.
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|
"""
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|
|
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from slixmpp.plugins.base import base_plugin
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from slixmpp.xmlstream.handler.callback import Callback
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from slixmpp.xmlstream.matcher.xpath import MatchXPath
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from slixmpp.xmlstream import ElementBase, ET, JID, register_stanza_plugin
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from slixmpp import Iq
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import copy
|
|
|
|
|
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class Registration(ElementBase):
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namespace = 'jabber:iq:register'
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name = 'query'
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plugin_attrib = 'register'
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interfaces = set(('username', 'password', 'email', 'nick', 'name',
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'first', 'last', 'address', 'city', 'state', 'zip',
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|
'phone', 'url', 'date', 'misc', 'text', 'key',
|
|
'registered', 'remove', 'instructions'))
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|
sub_interfaces = interfaces
|
|
|
|
def getRegistered(self):
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present = self.xml.find('{%s}registered' % self.namespace)
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|
return present is not None
|
|
|
|
def getRemove(self):
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|
present = self.xml.find('{%s}remove' % self.namespace)
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|
return present is not None
|
|
|
|
def setRegistered(self, registered):
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|
if registered:
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|
self.addField('registered')
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|
else:
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|
del self['registered']
|
|
|
|
def setRemove(self, remove):
|
|
if remove:
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|
self.addField('remove')
|
|
else:
|
|
del self['remove']
|
|
|
|
def addField(self, name):
|
|
itemXML = ET.Element('{%s}%s' % (self.namespace, name))
|
|
self.xml.append(itemXML)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UserStore(object):
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
self.users = {}
|
|
|
|
def __getitem__(self, jid):
|
|
return self.users.get(jid, None)
|
|
|
|
def register(self, jid, registration):
|
|
username = registration['username']
|
|
|
|
def filter_usernames(user):
|
|
return user != jid and self.users[user]['username'] == username
|
|
|
|
conflicts = filter(filter_usernames, self.users.keys())
|
|
if conflicts:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
self.users[jid] = registration
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def unregister(self, jid):
|
|
del self.users[jid]
|
|
|
|
class xep_0077(base_plugin):
|
|
"""
|
|
XEP-0077 In-Band Registration
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def plugin_init(self):
|
|
self.description = "In-Band Registration"
|
|
self.xep = "0077"
|
|
self.form_fields = ('username', 'password')
|
|
self.form_instructions = ""
|
|
self.backend = UserStore()
|
|
|
|
self.xmpp.register_handler(
|
|
Callback('In-Band Registration',
|
|
MatchXPath('{%s}iq/{jabber:iq:register}query' % self.xmpp.default_ns),
|
|
self.__handleRegistration))
|
|
register_stanza_plugin(Iq, Registration)
|
|
|
|
def post_init(self):
|
|
base_plugin.post_init(self)
|
|
self.xmpp['xep_0030'].add_feature("jabber:iq:register")
|
|
|
|
def __handleRegistration(self, iq):
|
|
if iq['type'] == 'get':
|
|
# Registration form requested
|
|
userData = self.backend[iq['from'].bare]
|
|
self.sendRegistrationForm(iq, userData)
|
|
elif iq['type'] == 'set':
|
|
if iq['register']['remove']:
|
|
# Remove an account
|
|
self.backend.unregister(iq['from'].bare)
|
|
self.xmpp.event('unregistered_user', iq)
|
|
iq.reply().send()
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
for field in self.form_fields:
|
|
if not iq['register'][field]:
|
|
# Incomplete Registration
|
|
self._sendError(iq, '406', 'modify', 'not-acceptable',
|
|
"Please fill in all fields.")
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
if self.backend.register(iq['from'].bare, iq['register']):
|
|
# Successful registration
|
|
self.xmpp.event('registered_user', iq)
|
|
iq.reply().setPayload(iq['register'].xml)
|
|
iq.send()
|
|
else:
|
|
# Conflicting registration
|
|
self._sendError(iq, '409', 'cancel', 'conflict',
|
|
"That username is already taken.")
|
|
|
|
def setForm(self, *fields):
|
|
self.form_fields = fields
|
|
|
|
def setInstructions(self, instructions):
|
|
self.form_instructions = instructions
|
|
|
|
def sendRegistrationForm(self, iq, userData=None):
|
|
reg = iq['register']
|
|
if userData is None:
|
|
userData = {}
|
|
else:
|
|
reg['registered'] = True
|
|
|
|
if self.form_instructions:
|
|
reg['instructions'] = self.form_instructions
|
|
|
|
for field in self.form_fields:
|
|
data = userData.get(field, '')
|
|
if data:
|
|
# Add field with existing data
|
|
reg[field] = data
|
|
else:
|
|
# Add a blank field
|
|
reg.addField(field)
|
|
|
|
iq.reply().setPayload(reg.xml)
|
|
iq.send()
|
|
|
|
def _sendError(self, iq, code, error_type, name, text=''):
|
|
iq.reply().setPayload(iq['register'].xml)
|
|
iq.error()
|
|
iq['error']['code'] = code
|
|
iq['error']['type'] = error_type
|
|
iq['error']['condition'] = name
|
|
iq['error']['text'] = text
|
|
iq.send()
|