diff --git a/src/jingle.rs b/src/jingle.rs
index 06582200..c5041b09 100644
--- a/src/jingle.rs
+++ b/src/jingle.rs
@@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ impl FromStr for Creator {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<Creator> for String {
-    fn from(creator: Creator) -> String {
-        String::from(match creator {
+impl IntoAttributeValue for Creator {
+    fn into_attribute_value(self) -> Option<String> {
+        Some(String::from(match self {
             Creator::Initiator => "initiator",
             Creator::Responder => "responder",
-        })
+        }))
     }
 }
 
@@ -137,14 +137,14 @@ impl FromStr for Senders {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<Senders> for String {
-    fn from(senders: Senders) -> String {
-        String::from(match senders {
+impl IntoAttributeValue for Senders {
+    fn into_attribute_value(self) -> Option<String> {
+        Some(String::from(match self {
             Senders::Both => "both",
             Senders::Initiator => "initiator",
             Senders::None_ => "none",
             Senders::Responder => "responder",
-        })
+        }))
     }
 }
 
@@ -202,10 +202,10 @@ impl Into<Element> for Content {
     fn into(self) -> Element {
         Element::builder("content")
                 .ns(ns::JINGLE)
-                .attr("creator", String::from(self.creator))
+                .attr("creator", self.creator)
                 .attr("disposition", self.disposition)
                 .attr("name", self.name)
-                .attr("senders", String::from(self.senders))
+                .attr("senders", self.senders)
                 .append(self.description)
                 .append(self.transport)
                 .append(self.security)
diff --git a/src/stanza_error.rs b/src/stanza_error.rs
index 0a327579..3841ad5b 100644
--- a/src/stanza_error.rs
+++ b/src/stanza_error.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
-use minidom::{Element, IntoAttributeValue};
+use minidom::{Element, IntoElements, IntoAttributeValue, ElementEmitter};
 
 use error::Error;
 use jid::Jid;
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ impl FromStr for DefinedCondition {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<DefinedCondition> for String {
-    fn from(defined_condition: DefinedCondition) -> String {
-        String::from(match defined_condition {
+impl IntoElements for DefinedCondition {
+    fn into_elements(self, emitter: &mut ElementEmitter) {
+        emitter.append_child(Element::builder(match self {
             DefinedCondition::BadRequest => "bad-request",
             DefinedCondition::Conflict => "conflict",
             DefinedCondition::FeatureNotImplemented => "feature-not-implemented",
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl From<DefinedCondition> for String {
             DefinedCondition::SubscriptionRequired => "subscription-required",
             DefinedCondition::UndefinedCondition => "undefined-condition",
             DefinedCondition::UnexpectedRequest => "unexpected-request",
-        })
+        }).ns(ns::XMPP_STANZAS).build());
     }
 }
 
@@ -207,9 +207,7 @@ impl Into<Element> for StanzaError {
                                .ns(ns::JABBER_CLIENT)
                                .attr("type", self.type_)
                                .attr("by", self.by.and_then(|by| Some(String::from(by))))
-                               .append(Element::builder(self.defined_condition)
-                                               .ns(ns::XMPP_STANZAS)
-                                               .build())
+                               .append(self.defined_condition)
                                .build();
         for (lang, text) in self.texts {
             let elem = Element::builder("text")