diff --git a/xmpp-parsers/src/bob.rs b/xmpp-parsers/src/bob.rs
index 39cf738d..e6756440 100644
--- a/xmpp-parsers/src/bob.rs
+++ b/xmpp-parsers/src/bob.rs
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::Element;
     use std::convert::TryFrom;
-    use std::error::Error as StdError;
 
     #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
     #[test]
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ParseIntError(error) => error,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "invalid digit found in string");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "invalid digit found in string");
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/xmpp-parsers/src/date.rs b/xmpp-parsers/src/date.rs
index bfcf4e16..2edf1e21 100644
--- a/xmpp-parsers/src/date.rs
+++ b/xmpp-parsers/src/date.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ impl Into<Node> for DateTime {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use chrono::{Datelike, Timelike};
-    use std::error::Error as StdError;
 
     // DateTime’s size doesn’t depend on the architecture.
     #[test]
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input is out of range");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input is out of range");
 
         // Timezone ≥24:00 aren’t allowed.
         let error = DateTime::from_str("2017-05-27T12:11:02+25:00").unwrap_err();
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input is out of range");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input is out of range");
 
         // Timezone without the : separator aren’t allowed.
         let error = DateTime::from_str("2017-05-27T12:11:02+0100").unwrap_err();
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input contains invalid characters");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input contains invalid characters");
 
         // No seconds, error message could be improved.
         let error = DateTime::from_str("2017-05-27T12:11+01:00").unwrap_err();
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input contains invalid characters");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input contains invalid characters");
 
         // TODO: maybe we’ll want to support this one, as per XEP-0082 §4.
         let error = DateTime::from_str("20170527T12:11:02+01:00").unwrap_err();
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input contains invalid characters");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input contains invalid characters");
 
         // No timezone.
         let error = DateTime::from_str("2017-05-27T12:11:02").unwrap_err();
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "premature end of input");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "premature end of input");
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/xmpp-parsers/src/ibb.rs b/xmpp-parsers/src/ibb.rs
index 17d26764..3e4ab575 100644
--- a/xmpp-parsers/src/ibb.rs
+++ b/xmpp-parsers/src/ibb.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::util::error::Error;
     use crate::Element;
     use std::convert::TryFrom;
-    use std::error::Error as StdError;
 
     #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
     #[test]
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ParseIntError(error) => error,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "invalid digit found in string");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "invalid digit found in string");
 
         let elem: Element = "<open xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/ibb' block-size='128'/>"
             .parse()
diff --git a/xmpp-parsers/src/idle.rs b/xmpp-parsers/src/idle.rs
index e06de9a5..a575b321 100644
--- a/xmpp-parsers/src/idle.rs
+++ b/xmpp-parsers/src/idle.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::util::error::Error;
     use crate::Element;
     use std::convert::TryFrom;
-    use std::error::Error as StdError;
     use std::str::FromStr;
 
     #[test]
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input is out of range");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input is out of range");
 
         // Timezone ≥24:00 aren’t allowed.
         let elem: Element = "<idle xmlns='urn:xmpp:idle:1' since='2017-05-27T12:11:02+25:00'/>"
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input is out of range");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input is out of range");
 
         // Timezone without the : separator aren’t allowed.
         let elem: Element = "<idle xmlns='urn:xmpp:idle:1' since='2017-05-27T12:11:02+0100'/>"
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input contains invalid characters");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input contains invalid characters");
 
         // No seconds, error message could be improved.
         let elem: Element = "<idle xmlns='urn:xmpp:idle:1' since='2017-05-27T12:11+01:00'/>"
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input contains invalid characters");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input contains invalid characters");
 
         // TODO: maybe we’ll want to support this one, as per XEP-0082 §4.
         let elem: Element = "<idle xmlns='urn:xmpp:idle:1' since='20170527T12:11:02+01:00'/>"
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "input contains invalid characters");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "input contains invalid characters");
 
         // No timezone.
         let elem: Element = "<idle xmlns='urn:xmpp:idle:1' since='2017-05-27T12:11:02'/>"
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ChronoParseError(string) => string,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "premature end of input");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "premature end of input");
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/xmpp-parsers/src/jingle_ibb.rs b/xmpp-parsers/src/jingle_ibb.rs
index d980b5e3..3018842e 100644
--- a/xmpp-parsers/src/jingle_ibb.rs
+++ b/xmpp-parsers/src/jingle_ibb.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::util::error::Error;
     use crate::Element;
     use std::convert::TryFrom;
-    use std::error::Error as StdError;
 
     #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
     #[test]
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ mod tests {
             _ => panic!(),
         };
         assert_eq!(
-            message.description(),
+            message.to_string(),
             "number too large to fit in target type"
         );
 
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ParseIntError(error) => error,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(message.description(), "invalid digit found in string");
+        assert_eq!(message.to_string(), "invalid digit found in string");
 
         let elem: Element =
             "<transport xmlns='urn:xmpp:jingle:transports:ibb:1' block-size='128'/>"
diff --git a/xmpp-parsers/src/mam.rs b/xmpp-parsers/src/mam.rs
index d1decdd8..0c6ac536 100644
--- a/xmpp-parsers/src/mam.rs
+++ b/xmpp-parsers/src/mam.rs
@@ -193,7 +193,6 @@ impl From<Prefs> for Element {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::data_forms::{DataFormType, Field, FieldType};
     use std::str::FromStr;
 
     #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
diff --git a/xmpp-parsers/src/media_element.rs b/xmpp-parsers/src/media_element.rs
index 3ac3f6a8..e1d93383 100644
--- a/xmpp-parsers/src/media_element.rs
+++ b/xmpp-parsers/src/media_element.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::util::error::Error;
     use crate::Element;
     use std::convert::TryFrom;
-    use std::error::Error as StdError;
 
     #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
     #[test]
@@ -103,10 +102,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ParseIntError(error) => error,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(
-            error.description(),
-            "cannot parse integer from empty string"
-        );
+        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "cannot parse integer from empty string");
 
         let elem: Element = "<media xmlns='urn:xmpp:media-element' width='coucou'/>"
             .parse()
@@ -116,7 +112,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ParseIntError(error) => error,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(error.description(), "invalid digit found in string");
+        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "invalid digit found in string");
 
         let elem: Element = "<media xmlns='urn:xmpp:media-element' height=''/>"
             .parse()
@@ -126,10 +122,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ParseIntError(error) => error,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(
-            error.description(),
-            "cannot parse integer from empty string"
-        );
+        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "cannot parse integer from empty string");
 
         let elem: Element = "<media xmlns='urn:xmpp:media-element' height='-10'/>"
             .parse()
@@ -139,7 +132,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ParseIntError(error) => error,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(error.description(), "invalid digit found in string");
+        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "invalid digit found in string");
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/xmpp-parsers/src/muc/user.rs b/xmpp-parsers/src/muc/user.rs
index 61f7f12c..0cfd8a5b 100644
--- a/xmpp-parsers/src/muc/user.rs
+++ b/xmpp-parsers/src/muc/user.rs
@@ -236,7 +236,6 @@ generate_element!(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use std::error::Error as StdError;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_simple() {
@@ -397,7 +396,7 @@ mod tests {
             Error::ParseIntError(error) => error,
             _ => panic!(),
         };
-        assert_eq!(error.description(), "invalid digit found in string");
+        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "invalid digit found in string");
     }
 
     #[test]